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Authors
Kitajima, Tasuku https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-7139
Kawase, Toshihiro
Shimada, Satoshi
Inoue, Takeshi
Otani, Ryoko
Takahashi, Toshimitsu
Fujiki, Soichiro
Nomoto, Kensaku
Kansaku, Kenji
Sakuta, Ryoichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dokkyo Medical University
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19H01126 and 23K03780, 19H01126 and 23K03780)
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Saitama Medical Centre of Dokkyo Medical University (No. 2045) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants’ parents, and informed assent was obtained from the adolescent participants themselves after providing them with an age-appropriate explanation of the study. The individuals appearing in Fig. are not study participants but rather two of our co-researchers, and we have obtained their consent for the publication of these images.
