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Article History

Received: 28 September 2024

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 3 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest. PSG, SNT, SS, HF, SB, AH, DL, NH, JW state that there are no conflicts of interest. Outside the submitted work, some authors received honoraria for lectures, travel grants, or research grants. FFK received travel grants from Merck and Novartis. HBM took part in an educational event sponsored by Livanova. HT has participated in meetings sponsored by or received honoraria for acting as an advisor/speaker for Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Diamed, Fresenius, Fujirebio, GlaxoSmithKline, Horizon, Janssen-Cilag, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Siemens, and Teva. JG has received research funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Science Foundation, and speaker fees from Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly and Boehringer. AN received lecture fees from Novartis and Merck. BM has received speakership fees from Rovi and Recordati. TS reports research support from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation for Immuno-Oncology, Claudia von Schilling Foundation, CSL Behring, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, Sanofi Genzyme, VHV Stiftung and honoraria for lectures and travel grants from Alexion, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Vital, Biogen, Celgene, Centogene, CSL Behring, Euroimmun, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens, Sobi, Teva; all outside the submitted work. All other authors have not received honoraria for lectures, travel grants, or research grants outside the submitted work.

: The investigation was approved by the Ethics Committee of MHH (No. 10417_BO_K2022, 08.06.2022; No. 7837_BO_K_2018, 6 April 2018) and followed the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 and its revisions. This is a retrospective study and only data were included that were evaluated for patients treatment or diagnostic purposes as part of the clinical routine. Thus, the local Ethics Committee of MHH waived the need for written informed consent from the participants. The data used in this study was anonymized before its use.