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Authors
Sani, Jamilu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9089-5973
Arigbede, Yetunde A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1482
Usman, Anas Fagge https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0705-5022
Umar, Aminatu Makarfi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0295-4994
Badru, Lawal
Tesfaye, Wudalew Meselu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-7773
Tolosa, Dereje Mengistu
Yusuf, Rafiu Olalekan
Halane, Salad https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1618-8745
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The NDHS 2018 data are publicly available and anonymized. Authorization to use the data was obtained through the DHS program’s online request platform. Since the data were secondary and de-identified, no further ethical approval was required for this study.
