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Authors
Abdelsalam, Alaa Esmat https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5862-0105
Ismail, Hoda Saleh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-4041
Hamama, Hamdi Hosni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-345X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures conducted in this study aligned with the pertinent guidelines and regulations of the Helsinki Declarations. The premolars gathered were extracted for therapeutic purposes not connected to the study and with prior informed consent from healthy individuals receiving dental care at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The patients willingly donated the extracted teeth to the Faculty for research purposes. All experimental protocols received approval from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Mansours University (A04011023CD).
