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Authors
Sajo, Mohammed Usman
Hyeladzira, Saraya Mshelia
Shettima, Yasheruram Mohammed
Lawal, Jallailudeen Rabana
Gambo, Halima Idrisa
Ndahi, Juliana James
Razzak, Abdur
Saha, Otun
Hakizimana, Jean Nepomuscene
Chengula, Augustino
Lee, Dong-Hun
El-Yuguda, Abdul-Dahiru
Misinzo, Gerald
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Partnership in Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, (PASET) under the Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund (P165581, P165581)
Carnegie Corporation of New York DOCTAS Grant (G-22-59858)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The animal utilization protocol for the study was approved by the Animal Use and Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri with reference number FVM/UNIMAID/AUEC/2023/006. All animal handlings were conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations established by the Animal Use and Ethics Committee, and reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines ().
: This study did not involve any human experimentation. However, written approval to participate and informed consent were obtained from the veterinarian for the use and publication of the image in Supplementary Figs. and .
