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Article History

Received: 9 August 2024

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 16 October 2025

Declarations

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: We declare that there are no competing interests associated with this research. No financial, personal, or professional relationships exist that could influence the objectivity or integrity of the reported findings. This includes, but is not limited to, any affiliations with organizations or entities that may have a direct or indirect interest in the subject matter discussed in this manuscript. We affirm that there are no conflicts of interest that might affect the impartiality of the study or the interpretation of its results.

: This research adheres to all ethical considerations relevant to the content of this article. The study was conducted in compliance with established ethical standards, specifically in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All necessary approvals and permissions were obtained from the appropriate ethical review boards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study, ensuring their willingness to participate. The confidentiality and anonymity of participants have been rigorously protected throughout the research process. Furthermore, the research design and procedures were ethically reviewed to ensure they met the highest standards of integrity and transparency. Any potential conflicts of interest were appropriately disclosed, and steps were taken to mitigate and manage them. This article discusses the ethical implications of the research, addressing key considerations such as the treatment of human or animal subjects, data confidentiality, and potential biases. The methodology employed in this study aligns with ethical principles, and any deviations from standard ethical practices are explicitly justified. In summary, this research article upholds a commitment to ethical conduct in all aspects of the study. The following sections elaborate on specific ethical considerations within the context of the presented research. Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Imam Khomeini Hospital) in Tehran: IR.TUMS.NI.REC.1401.038.