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Authors
Pearson, Rebecca M.
Braithwaite, Elizabeth C.
Cadman, Tim
Culpin, Iryna
Costantini, Ilaria
Cordero, Miguel
Bornstein, Marc H.
James, Deborah
Kwong, Alex S. F.
Jones, Hannah
Sallis, Hannah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Research Council (758813)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
: We also need to acknowledge this fundingThe UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This work was supported by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (grant FP/2007-2013), European Research Council Grant Agreements (grants 758813; MHINT).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees. Consent for biological samples has been collected in accordance with the Human Tissue Act (2004). Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time. Please note that the study website contains details of all the data that is available through a fully searchable data dictionary and variable search tool, see: .
