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Authors
Wang, Juan
Sun, Jia-qing
Lu, Yue
Yang, Qi-lin
Zhao, Peng-lai
Hang, Chun-Hua
Li, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Medical Award Foundation (YXJL-2022-0351-0421)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130037)
Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Key Projects (ZKX23025)
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was performed according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. The use of the MIMIC-IV database was approved by the review committee of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The data is publicly available (in the MIMIC-IV database), therefore, the ethical approval statement and the requirement for informed consent were waived for this study.
