Enyereibe, Nwachukwu William
Ilori, Elsie
Steinhardt, Laura
Stafford, Kristen
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
Ibrahim, Dalhatu
Alagi, Matthias
Ibrahim, Baffa Sule
Iwara, Iwara Emem
Mba, Nwando
Ibrahim, Zainab
Ahmed, Rabiatu Aliyu
Botson, Iliya
Ogbonna, Stanley Uche
Igumbor, Ehimario
Abubakar, Jafiya
Ahmed, Nasir
Nwiyi, Gloria Ogochukwu
Ihemeje, Chima Emmanuel
Okoi, Catherine
John, Doris
Ashikeni, Matthew
Muhammad, Basheer Lawan
Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C.
Okunoye, Olumide
Greby, Stacie M.
Bassey, Orji
Okoye, McPaul
Blanco, Natalia
Mitchell, Andrew
Ipadeola, Oladipupo
Antonza, Gladys S.
Mpamugo, Augustine
Makava, Favour
Charurat, Manhattan
Adebajo, Sylvia
Swaminathan, Mahesh
Ifedayo, Adetifa
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
Article History
Received: 13 October 2024
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 10 August 2025
Declaration
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Nigeria Health Research Ethics Committee, Number NHREC Approval Number NHREC/01/01/2007–01/09/2020B the University of Maryland, Baltimore Institutional Review Board, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Approval to carry out the survey was given by the FCT and Kano states governments. In addition to this, all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and regulations.
: All the participants are informed about the study, and they have all signed the informed consent form.