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Authors
Han, Ki Hyuk
Park, Gyuyoung
Ahn, Jeong Ung
Kim, YongJin
Yun, Deok Hyun
Jang, Seung-Hun
Nah, Young-Jun
Kang, Min-Gu
Koo, Hyun Cheol
Lee, OukJae
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
KIST Institutional Program
National Research Council of Science and Technology (GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000, GTL24041-000)
KU-KIST Institutional Program
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Refer to the supplementary material for information on the selected numbers, raw measurement data of the fabricated s-MTJ devices, and the combinations for the lowest energy case in the 1,024 number of bits NPP example, as well as information on the value required for clamping in a multi-level setting.
: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used chat GPT 4.x in order to improve the readability and the clarity of the original sentences. After using this tool, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication.
