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Authors
Buda, Kinga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-4379
Buda, Jakub https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4584-5897
Zub, Karol https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-2206
Kugacz, Michał
Kugacz, Aleksandra
Budka, Michał https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-013X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education and Science in Poland (0128/DIA/2019/48)
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Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 9 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Methods in this research were approved by the General Directors for Environmental Protection in Warsaw, Poland (number of permission: DOP-WPN.436.238.2019.DW). Permissions were obtained for conducting the study in all four locations. Permission numbers for each location: Upper Nurzec River Valley (ZG.715.1.2020.ZG1), Biebrza National Park (PM.51.85.2019), Białowieża Primeval Forest (ZE.50000.1.2020) and Warta Landcape Park (ZLN.5001.1.2021).
