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Article History

Received: 9 March 2025

Accepted: 4 August 2025

First Online: 25 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Consent for publication was obtained from the participants.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committees of Mindong Hospital (approval number: 2021112201k).

: This retrospective clinical study utilized anonymized patient data collected from medical records, and no direct interaction with patients occurred during the research process, except for the use of two facial images included in the manuscript. We have pixelated the images to ensure patient privacy. Written informed consent was waived with the approval of the Medical Ethics Committees of Mindong Hospital (approval number: 2021112201k), except for the use of two facial images. And we have attached their written informed consent titled “Consent to participants” to this submission. This document contains the informed consent from two patients whose facial information was used.