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Authors
Guo, Mixue
Zhang, Zufa
Dong, Huqiang
Liu, Ligang
Zhao, Zongren
Li, Xiaoming
Jia, Jun
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 6 August 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB00001052-11015) and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
