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Authors
Budiarto, Rahmat
Sholikin, Mohammad Miftakhus
Adli, Danung Nur
Wahyono, Teguh
Ahmed, Temoor
Ujilestari, Tri
Ali, Hayssam M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Padjadjaran
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2025
Accepted: 6 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research is an original study that has not been submitted or published elsewhere. It utilizes secondary data sourced from previous research and does not involve studies related to animal welfare or studies involving humans as subjects.
: This research is an original study published exclusively in this journal.
