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Authors
Abou-El-Naga, Amoura M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-5909
Abdraboh, Mohamed E.
El‑Magd, Mohammed A.
Mansour, Sameh
Mansour, Hend Abd El-Halim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-7312
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al-Azhar University
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Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 17 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Mansoura University of Medical Science (Institutional Review Board), and the research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt (Code Number: MS.21.08.1609). Semen samples were obtained from the Royal Fertility Center in Mansoura, Egypt. All procedures carried out in the research adhered to applicable guidelines and regulations. All donors provided informed consent for their semen to be used in the study.
