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Authors
Jamalpour, Sajad
Chang, Phang Kean
Vazifehmand, Reza
Kamyab, Hesam
Omar, Siti Zawiah
Zain, Shamsul Mohd
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/SKK03/UM/02/2)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2024
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The experimental protocols were approved by the Universiti Malaya Ethics Committee and the study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All participants provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. The study was conducted under the ethical approval granted by the Universiti Malaya Ethics Committee with grant number: PG118-2012B.
