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Authors
Chen, Baoxia
Shi, Zhenguo
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University (Approval No. 2021-R-001). We confirm that informed consent was obtained from all study participants before data collection commenced.
