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Authors
Martvel, George
Riemer, Stefanie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Data Science Research Center, University of Haifa
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The original study by Gähwiler et al. 16 was assessed and approved by the cantonal authority for animal experimentation, the Veterinary Office of the Canton of Bern (Switzerland) (Licence number BE28/17) and complies with the “Guidelines for the Treatment of Animals in Behavioral Research and Teaching” of the Association for the Study of Animal Behavior (ASAB). All participating owners gave their informed consent to the use of their videos for scientific analysis. No additional video data were collected for the current study.
