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Authors
Cao, Mengyu
Ren, Linlin
Min, Congcong
Diao, Zeyuan
Chen, Hao
Liu, Hua
Li, Xiaoyu
Xu, Jiahui
Tian, Zibin
Mao, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273393)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in a retrospective manner utilizing data that had been obtained for clinical purposes. It underwent review and was granted approval by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Reference Number QYFYWZLL29384). The study’s procedures were in strict accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for obtaining written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.
