Ullah, Saeed
Wu, Junsheng
Lin, Zhijun
Kamal, Mian Muhammad
Mostafa, Hala
Sheraz, Muhammad
Chuah, Teong Chee
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R137)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240021, MMUI/240021)
Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd (RDTC/241149, RDTC/241149)
Article History
Received: 7 March 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.