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Authors
Hao, Jiayi
Tang, Chunbian
Yang, Qingqing
Gu, Youyou
Wang, Su
Zeng, Baoqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Health Commission of Binhai New Area, Tianjin (2024BWKZ01)
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This is an observational study, and the CHARLS protocol received approval from the Ethics Review Board of Peking University. All participants included in the study provided written informed consent.
