Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Kibria, Gulam Muhammed Al
Ahmed, Saifuddin
Kaufman, Michelle R.
Rutebemberwa, Elizeus
Khan, Iqbal Ansary
Shirin, Tahmina
Ortiz, Andres Vecino
Ali, Joseph
Nino, Julian Fernandez
Ruiz-Vallejo, Fernando
Saavedra, Carolina
Agudelo-Londoño, Sandra
Gibson, Dustin G.
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bloomberg Philanthropies
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was received from the institutional review boards of the institutions involved in the study, namely the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.; Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda; the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Uganda; the Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Bangladesh; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. All participants provided informed consent by pressing a number on their key-pad. We only included adult individuals.
