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Authors
Simpson, Annabel
Rosier, Bob T.
Tamarit, Javier Pons
Henriquez, Fiona
Mira, Alex
Easton, Chris
Burleigh, Mia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hannah Research Foundation (R57/S058CHA)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
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: A.M. and B.T. Rosier are coinventors in a pending patent application owned by the FISABIO Institute, which protects the use of NO3- as a prebiotic and certain NO3–reducing bacteria as probiotics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the School of Health and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee at the University of the West of Scotland (submission number 14970). With the exception of pre-recruitment trial registration, all procedures were carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave written informed consent.
