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Oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone increase hydroxylation and methylation of endogenous estrogen but not genotoxic estrogen DNA-adduct formation

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16892-8

Published Online: 2025-08-26

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Venter, Gerda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8043-2203
van der Berg, Carien L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9513-3436
Jacobs, Tarien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5775-7424
van der Westhuizen, Francois H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7879-1776
Erasmus, Elardus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9773
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

North-West University
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-26

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-26
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Article History

Received: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 20 August 2025

First Online: 26 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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