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Authors
Najafian, Hamideh
Pouresmaeil, Omid
Meshkat, Zahra
Aryan, Ehsan
Falahi, Jamal
Najafian, Leyla
Farsiani, Hadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-0245
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (code IR. MUMS. MEDICAL. REC.1403.204). In compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, this study utilized hospital-recorded patient data after receiving ethics committee approval, which authorized the use of these data along with individual informed consent form which were obtained. Rigorous measures were implemented to ensure that all patient information was thoroughly anonymized and strictly maintained in confidentiality, with full adherence to both institutional and international ethical standards.
