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Authors
Dom, Nazri Che
Abdullah, Nur Athen Mohd Hardy
Dapari, Rahmat
Salleh, Siti Aekbal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2021/SKK06/UITM/02/16)
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Ethics review exemption was obtained from UiTM Research Ethics Committee (REC/01/2023 (PG/EX/2) on 16 January 2023. No human data was collected or used for this study.
