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Implementation of nanographene oxide combined with mineral trioxide aggregate and hydroxyapatite biopolymer in regeneration of critical-sized bone defect in rats

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17233-5

Published Online: 2025-09-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Abdallah, Amr H.

Ebrahim, Nesrine

Saeed, Samar

Abdallah, Ahmed N.

Elsharkawy, Samar H.

Abdelgalil, Ahmed I.

El Ghoul, Wahid S.

Mohamed, Yasser M. A.

Shamaa, Ashraf A.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Cairo University
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Article History

Received: 16 April 2025

Accepted: 22 August 2025

First Online: 12 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All surgical procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Cairo University, in May 2024, with the number CU II/F/23/24. This study complied with the ARRIVE guidelines during the experiment. All methods were performed following the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: All authors confirm their consent for publication.

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