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Authors
Nikparvar, Behnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-9356
Exten, Cara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5494-7724
Bharti, Nita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-7794
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2202872, 2202872)
National Institutes of Health (R01TW012434)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2024
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental protocols were approved by The Pennsylvania State University’s Institutional Review Board. The Pennsylvania State University’s IRB approved the Data4Action study (STUDY00015547). Use of influenza data in this study did not qualify as human subjects research as determined by the university’s IRB. Our work with the data provided by SafeGraph did not qualify as human subjects research as defined by The Pennsylvania State University’s IRB. SafeGraph approved the use of their data for this study.
