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Authors
Obeidat, Bushra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-0733
Abu Hamdan, Razan Munseef
Hayajneh, Audai A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-3530
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology (20230381)
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: During manuscript preparation, the authors used ChatGPTo4 for language refinement and clarity enhancement. The content was thoroughly reviewed and edited to ensure accuracy, coherence, and alignment with research objectives. The authors take full responsibility for the publication’s content.
