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Authors
Nair, Veena G
Unnikrishnan, Vineetha K
Muralidharan, Niraimathi
Venkatathri, Badri N S
Lowrence, Rene Christena
YBRD, Rajesh
Narbhavi, Dhiviya
A, Anupriya
N, Prabhusaran
Nagarajan, Saisubramanian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST/WOS-B/HN-32/2021)
Indian Council of Medical Research (OMI/03/2022/ECD, EMDR/SG/14/2024/01-04170)
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors have filed a patent describing a formulation containing (-)-Terpinen-4-ol and two other postbiotics derived from Lactobacilli to treat induced UTI in mice model (Patent Application Number: 202441057663; Reference Number: TEMP/E-1/67129/2024-CHE). The collection of human vaginal samples was approved by the Human Ethical Committee (Registration number: 696/TSRMMCH&RC/ME-1/2022-IEC No: 127), with adherence to all relevant international and national guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment. Zebrafish studies were conducted in line with national and institutional guidelines (CPCSEA-510/SASTRA/IAEC/RPP) for the ethical treatment and use of animals, following Animal Biosafety Level 2 standards. To maintain the integrity of the histopathology study, the observer was blinded to the control and treatment groups.
