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Authors
Yang, Yue
Jiang, Huiquan
Zheng, Chenyang
Pan, Jian
Zhu, Li
Yuan, Yijun
Zhan, Yue
Zhao, Zeyang
Jiang, Xinwei
Lyu, Lin
Jiang, Zhen
Xiang, Haiqing
Qi, Jianjiang
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval No.: [2025B] IIT Ethics Approval No. 0571). Owing to the retrospective design and the use of fully de-identified patient data, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for obtaining individual informed consent. The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and strict measures were implemented to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of all participants’ information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
