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Article History

Received: 17 March 2025

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 29 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not involve human subjects, patient data, or biological materials. The research utilized publicly available large language models and evaluated their performance on validated educational content. All MCQs used in this study were developed and validated for educational purposes, adhering to standard medical education practices. No institutional review board approval was required for this type of technological evaluation research. The study adhered to responsible AI research practices, focusing on educational applications without involving potentially sensitive clinical decision-making or patient care scenarios.