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Authors
Ishikawa, Midori
Iwasaki, Masanori
Tano, Rumi
Yokoyama, Tetsuji
Ando, Yuichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (JP22K11820)
Japanese MHLW Program (JPMH22FA2301, JPMH22FA2301)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The subjects in the database used in this study were anonymized; thus, individuals could not be identified. Data were provided in electronic form through a set procedure, and were encrypted and stored on a specific computer per the information security policy of the researchers’ institutions. This study was conducted as per the guidelines established in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures that involved the participants were approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan (NIPH-IBRA#23024, November 30, 2023).
