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Authors
Hwang, Helen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-1702
Dhavale, Dhruva D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-1085
Wang, Sarah J.
Guduputi, Ajay
Beale, John M. Jr.
Cairns, Nigel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-3344
Kotzbauer, Paul T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-114X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Parkinson Disease Association
American Academy of Neurology Clinical Research Training Scholarship in Parkinson’s Disease
Michael J. Fox Foundation
National Institutes of Health (NIH grants NS110436, NS097799, NS075321)
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: Competing Interests Statement: Authors HH, DDD, and PTK have a pending patent application “Compounds that Inhibit Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Growth for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease”. Patent applicant: Washington University in St. Louis, Name of inventors: Paul T. Kotzbauer, Helen Hwang, and Dhruva D. Dhavale. Status of application: Pending. The patent application covers the dimethyoxyphenyl piperazine and related compounds that can inhibit asyn fibril growth. In addition, authors DDD and PTK have a pending patent application titled “Tissue-Seeded Fibrils and Methods of Making and Using Same”. Patent applicant: Washington University in St. Louis, Name of inventors: Paul T. Kotzbauer, Dhruva D. Dhavale, Rebecca Miller and Jennifer Y. O’Shea, Application number: 17/858817, Status of application: Pending. The patent application covers the process of generating amplified fibrils, its methods and composition. Authors DDD and PTK are founders of Helical Biosciences LLC and have an ownership interest in the company. Other authors declare no competing interests.
