Ye, Yuguang
Chipusu, Kavimbi
Ashraf, Muhammad Awais
Ding, Bijiao
Huang, Yifeng
Huang, Jianlong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2023J01895, 2021J011404, 2021J01975)
Science and Technology Program of Quanzhou (2021CT0010, 2021C037R)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee of the Huaqiao University Affiliated Strait Hospital waived the need of obtaining informed consent.
: All experimental protocols involving human ECG data were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Huaqiao University Affiliated Strait Hospital. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The ECG data used in this study were fully anonymized prior to analysis, and no personally identifiable information was accessed or stored during the research process.
: The authors declare no competing interests.