Ayub, Ayesha
Abidin, Zuhairiah Zainal
Alhammadi, Abdulraqeb
Soliman, Naglaa F.
Khan, Muhammad Asim
Algarni, Abeer D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/ICT02/UTHM/02/3)
Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/ICT02/UTHM/02/3)
Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.