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Authors
Rakhshandeh, Hakimeh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-6549
Nasiraei, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5763-4858
Riazi-Esfahani, Hamid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-398X
Masoomian, Babak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-2072
Ghassemi, Fariba https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-9650
Arjmand, Mojtaba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-933X
Keshel, Saeed Heidari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2637-2825
Atyabi, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9421-8750
Dinarvand, Rassoul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-7556
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval for the collection and analysis of tear samples was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, under the code IR.TUMS.TIPS.REC.1397.124.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians for the publication of any identifying information and/or images in this open-access publication.
