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Authors
Li, Bowen
Wan, Chunxiao
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (approval number: IRB2024-YX-275-01). All participants or their legal representatives provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Patient confidentiality and data privacy were maintained throughout the study process, with all personal identifiers removed during data analysis and reporting.
