Feng, Yanfang
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee of Zhejiang Polytechnic University of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board (Approval Number: ZPUMEE-2024-RB-087) on March 15, 2024. The research involved only robotic systems and industrial equipment testing without human subjects participation. All experimental procedures were conducted following institutional safety protocols and international standards for robotic system testing.