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Authors
Hu, Yue
Liu, Baohua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Major Social Science Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2023JWZD38)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval and consent to participate: The researchers confirms that all research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines/regulations applicable when human participants are involved (e.g., Declaration of Helsinki or similar). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Tianjin University of Sport (Approval Number: TJUS 2025-006). The participants received oral and written information and provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
