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Authors
Ding, Jin-Liang
Zheng, Xia
Flett, Gordon L.
Cao, Cui-Hong
Gamble, Jeffrey Hugh
Jiang, Xing-Yong
Zhao, Liang
Zheng, Wei-Ming
Chen, Xian-He
Chen, I-Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning, China (No. 22XSH004)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2024
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Jiangxi Psychological Consultant Association (JXSXL-2022-CL15).
: Electronic informed consent was obtained guardians of minors between December 2022 and September 2023, prior to data collection. The electronic consent forms clearly explained: (1) the purpose of the survey, (2) researchers’ affiliations, (3) privacy guarantees, and (4) data confidentiality measures. The scope of consent covered: (a) voluntary participation in the survey, (b) use of collected data for research purposes, (c) anonymous publication of aggregated results in academic journals, and (d) the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences.
