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Authors
Zhu, Yan
Chen, Qifeng
Huang, Mingang
Chen, Kangkang
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: CHARLS study is an open dataset. The CHARLS was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB 00001052–11015).
: CHARLS study is an open dataset. All procedures performed in CHARLS study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB 00001052–11015) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All participants signed an informed consent.
: Not applicable.
