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Authors
Titus, Maina K.
Giesbrecht, David
Oduor, Cliff I.
Muthoka, Kapten
Niaré, Karamoko
Crudale, Rebecca
Fola, Abebe A.
Hui, Sin Ting
Kim, Isaac E. Jr.
Tonui, Philip K.
Itsura, Peter M.
Tonui, Ronald
Moormann, Ann M.
Loehrer, Patrick J.
Brown, Darron R.
Orang’o, Omenge E.
Cu-Uvin, Susan
Ermel, Aaron C.
Katzenellenbogen, Rachel A.
Bailey, Jeffrey A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), United States of America (5U54CA190151-02 and 5U54CA254518-03)
National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (D43TW011317)
Providence/Boston CFAR, United States of America (P30AI042853)
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants provided written informed consent. Ethical approvals were obtained from the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) and Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya (reference number IREC/371/2022) and from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (IRB-ID: 2,023,003,553). All study procedures were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations outlined by the Ethics Review Boards indicated above.
