Multi-task deep learning framework combining CNN: vision transformers and PSO for accurate diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and lesion localization
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18742-z
Published Online: 2025-10-08
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Vijayalakshmi, S.
Manoharan, J. Samuel
Nivetha, B.
Sathiya, A.
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-08
Version of Record valid from 2025-10-08
Article History
Received: 26 April 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.