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Authors
Macip, Guillem
Soler-Comas, Alba
Palomeque, Andrea
Motos, Ana
Llonch, Blanca
Canseco-Ribas, Joan
Bueno-Freire, Leticia
Calabretta, Davide
Kiarostami, Kasra
Cabrera, Roberto
Ferrer, Miquel
Torres, Antoni
Fernandez-Barat, Laia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
PYRAMID (PID2022-141924OB-I00)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
ISCIII-FEDER (PI21/00725, PI21/00725)
HOMILUNG (No. 101137148)
La Caixa Health Research 2018 (HR18-00058)
ICREA Academy
Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR 01148 (2021))
SEPAR (Code: 1536)
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study involving human participants was approved by the Internal Review Board of Hospital Clinic, Barcelona (registry number HCB/2021/0343). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All methods involving human subjects were performed in accordance with the relevant institutional guidelines and regulations.
: A. Torres has received grants from MedImmune, Cubist, Bayer, Theravance and Polyphor, and personal fees as an advisory board member from Bayer, Roche, The Medicines CO and Curetis. He has received bureau fees for keynote speaker presentations from GSK, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca and Biotest Advisory Board, but these were not associated with the study described in this paper. All the remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the European guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Barcelona (approval number 159/20). All animal procedures were performed in accordance with institutional and national regulations, and the study is reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.
