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Authors
Zeenat, Abdul
Navindhra, Naidoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-0677
Thomas, Farrar
Jeanine, Marnewick
Jelili, Badmus
Dirk, Bester
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University Research Fund (URF/Z Abdul)
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Clinical trial number: not applicable. Ethics approval was obtained from the Health and Wellness Sciences Research Ethics Committee (HWS REC) as an Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (Ref.: CPUT/HW-REC 2017/H32). No adverse events or ethical breaches were encountered.
: All participating practitioners provided informed consent to participate in the research and to publish findings. Data was anonymised.
: All participants provided written informed consent to participate, with the option of withdrawal at any time and without reprisal. No patients were enrolled, and no actual blood transfusions were conducted.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations of: National Department of Health Research Ethics Committee, Western Cape Health Department, Professional Board for Emergency Care (PBEC)-Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and Western Cape Blood Service.All experimental protocols were duly approved by the CPUT Faculty of Health and Wellness Research Committee and Institutional Higher Degrees Committee (HDC). Informed consent was obtained from all participants enrolled in the study.
