Fan, Chunchao
Li, Guoqing
Chen, Ming
Hou, Jie
Wei, Qizhen
Wang, Panzhi
Guo, Guangjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
the State Key Research Development Program of China "Green mining mode and engineering demonstration of open-pit mines in cold and ecologically fragile areas" (No. 2022YFC2903905)
the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optimized Manufacturing in Mining & Metallurgy Process (No. BGRIMM-KZSKL-2023-3)
Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Automation in Mining & Metallurgy (No. BGRIMM-KZSKL-2023-3)
Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.