Liu, Mengting
Xu, Min
Li, Xingdong
Funding for this research was provided by:
the China-Pakistan Joint Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 046GJHZ2023069MI)
the program of the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering (No. CSFSE-ZZ-2402)
the Foundation for Innovative Fundamental Research Group Project of Gansu Province (No. 25JRRA805)
Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors consent to participate in this research.
: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript in Scientific Reports.
: The authors confirm that this submission is original work and has not been published elsewhere.