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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Since MIMIC‐IV only includes anonymized information, patients’ consent to participate was waived at the local institution (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC). Moreover, since this dataset was later made publicly available, the Ethics Committee at Hospital Clinic in Barcelona did not require further protocol approval.

: The author has reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.