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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted following the Helsinki Declaration. The studies involving humans were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Debre Berhan University, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus (IRB-021/2022). The ethical letter was submitted to the Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialised Hospital manager to get permission for data extraction. Then we got a permission letter from the hospital manager. Data extractors and concerned official bodies in the hospital were informed about the purpose of the study. All participants were provided informed consent during the study. In addition, consent was obtained from the hospital administration to access patient charts and other necessary records. Information retrieved from the charts was kept strictly confidential, and no personal identifiers were disclosed. Data were handled securely and confidentially throughout all phases of the research process.

: All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.